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PURPOSE

What Is The Purpose Of Pregnancy Testing

Undergoing routine tests during pregnancy can ensure early detection of any abnormalities, monitor the baby's development, and receive appropriate medical care. Consulting with healthcare professionals is essential to understand the proper pregnancy check-up list and the comprehensive list of tests during pregnancy that are recommended for each individual.

SYMPTOMS

What Are The Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

When a woman suspects she may be pregnant, recognizing the signs and symptoms of pregnancy is crucial. While a pregnancy test at home or a blood test to confirm pregnancy provides definitive results. Some common signs and symptoms that may suggest pregnancy:

Missed Period
Nausea and Morning Sickness
Tender Breasts
Fatigue
Frequent Urination
Food Cravings and Aversions
Mood Swings

TESTING TYPES

Common Tests During Pregnancy

Testing in pregnancy should be done thoroughly to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Pregnancy checking involves a variety of lab tests and physical examinations. Expectant mothers can easily book the following pregnancy tests online:

Blood Tests

Urine Tests

Pregnancy confirmation blood test, usually after a positive pregnancy test at home.
Pregnancy Test to evaluate:

Complete Blood Count (CBC),
Blood type and Rh factor
Blood glucose levels
Thyroid function.

Blood tests for pregnant also include prior screening for infections that assess various factors related to maternal health and fetal development.

The pregnancy confirmation test detects the presence of hCG hormone in the urine produced during pregnancy.
Additional Screenings are used to:

Detect urinary tract infections
Assess kidney function
Monitor glucose and protein levels

Urine tests are conducted throughout the pregnancy to monitor the health of both the mother and the fetus.

Tests Done Early in Pregnancy

During the early stages of pregnancy, several important tests are conducted:

Blood or Urine Test to Confirm Pregnancy

Early Pregnancy Ultrasound: An early pregnancy ultrasound, usually performed between 6-8 weeks of gestation, allows healthcare professionals to visualize the developing embryo and confirm the presence of a viable pregnancy.
Genetic Screening: In some cases, genetic screening tests may be offered during the first trimester to assess the risk of genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities.

Tests Done Later in Pregnancy

As the pregnancy proceeds, various tests are performed to keep track of the mother's health and the developing fetus. A smooth, healthy pregnant journey is ensured by these tests that are performed later in the pregnancy.

Pregnancy Check-Up: To evaluate the health of the mother and the unborn child, routine pregnancy check-ups are important. These tests include taking blood pressure, keeping track of weight changes, listening for the baby's heartbeat, as well as gauging how far along the pregnancy is overall.
Blood and Urine Tests During Pregnancy: They are conducted to monitor the blood count, iron levels, blood sugar levels, and any possibilities of infections.
Ultrasound: Ultrasounds are regularly performed during the later stages of pregnancy to monitor the growth & development of the fetus and provide detailed images of the baby.
Gestational Diabetes Screening: Around 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, a blood test to screen for gestational diabetes is conducted. It is known as the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Screening: In the third trimester, a screening test for Group B Streptococcus (GBS), known as culture, may be performed. GBS is a common bacterium that can be present in the birth canal and potentially cause infections in newborns.

Testing for Birth Defects: Ensuring the Health of Your Baby

During pregnancy, various tests are available to screen for or diagnose potential birth defects in the developing baby.

Genetic Screening: During pregnancy, specific blood tests and ultrasound should be performed to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, like Down syndrome:

Double marker test during the first trimester
Triple marker test during the second trimester
Quadruple marker test for final confirmation in the second trimester

Cell-Free DNA Testing: Also known as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), cell-free DNA testing involves analyzing a sample of the mother's blood to detect the presence of certain chromosomal abnormalities. These can be Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome.
Targeted Ultrasound: A targeted ultrasound is a detailed examination performed during the second trimester to assess the anatomy of the baby and detect any structural abnormalities.
Chorionic Villus Sampling: This test is typically performed between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy. It can help detect various chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders.

TEST RESULTS INTERPRETATIONS

You received your pregnancy test results but still need help determining them. Read this section to understand what your test results mean.

What Do Pregnancy Test Results Mean?

When it comes to testing in pregnancy, one of the first steps is taking a proper pregnancy test to determine whether you're expecting. Whether you choose a pregnancy test at home or opt for a blood test or a urine pregnancy test, understanding the results is essential. Let's delve into what these test results mean.

Positive Result	A positive pregnancy test indicates that you are pregnant. The test detects the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your urine or blood.
Negative Result	A negative result on a pregnancy test means that you are not pregnant. It indicates the absence of detectable levels of hCG in your system.
False Positive or False Negative	While uncommon, false positive or false negative results can occur. A false positive indicates a positive result when you are not actually pregnant. A false negative, on the other hand, occurs when the test incorrectly indicates that you're not pregnant when you are.

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY

What Are Some Common Complications Of Pregnancy?

These complications during pregnancy that expectant moms may face are listed below.

High Blood Pressure:

Gestational Hypertension: Development of high blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy.
Chronic Hypertension: Pre-existing high blood pressure that predates pregnancy.
Preeclampsia: A serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage.

Gestational Diabetes:

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy, affecting the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels.

Infections:

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Common bacterial infections that can cause discomfort and, if left untreated, potentially lead to complications.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS): Bacterial infection that can be passed to the baby during delivery, causing severe illness.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, can be transmitted to the baby during pregnancy or delivery.

Preeclampsia:

A condition characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and organ dysfunction. This can lead to complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and maternal organ damage.

Preterm Labor:

The onset of regular contractions and cervical changes before 37 weeks of gestation. This can result in premature birth, which carries a higher risk of health problems for the baby.

Depression & Anxiety:

Pregnancy-related mood disorders, including antenatal and postpartum depression/anxiety. Can negatively impact both the mother's and baby's well-being if left untreated.

Pregnancy Loss/Miscarriage:

The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. This can occur due to various factors, including genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, or maternal health conditions.

Stillbirth:

The loss of a baby after the 20th week of pregnancy, before birth. Can occur due to complications such as placental problems, infections, or fetal abnormalities.

Other Complications:

Placenta Previa: When the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to potential bleeding issues during pregnancy or delivery.
Placental Abruption: Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing bleeding and potential harm to the baby.
Multiple Gestation: Pregnancy with twins, triplets, or more, which carries an increased risk of complications such as premature birth and low birth weight.
Anemia: A condition characterized by low levels of red blood cells, potentially leading to fatigue and other complications.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, which can lead to dehydration and weight loss.

Remember, each pregnancy is unique. It's essential to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance and monitoring throughout the pregnancy journey.